Getting Started 😍

Getting Started:-

Structure of C++ Program:

int main():

The void main() indicates that the main() function will not return any value, but the int main() indicates that the main() can return an integer type data.
When our program is simple, and it is not going to terminate before reaching the last line of code, or the code is error-free, then we can use the void main().

#include<iostream>:

It is the predefined library function used for input and output also called a header file.
iostream is the header file which contains all the functions of program like cout, cin, etc, and #include tells the preprocessor to include these header files in the program.

using namespace std:

Since its creation, C++ has gone through many changes by the C++ standards committee. One of the new features added to this language is a namespace. A namespace permits grouping of carious entities like classes, objects, functions and various C++ tokens, etc., under a single term.
Different users can create separate namespaces and thus can use similar names of the entities.
This avoids compile-time errors that may exist due to identical name conflicts.

Variables:

A variable is an abstraction of a memory location.
Allows programmers to use meaningful names and not memory addresses
Variables have their Type(Integer, Real Number, String, Person, Account,...), Value(10, 3.14, "Name",...).
Variables must be declared before they are used.
A variable value may change.
Naming variables can contain letters, numbers, and underscores.
Must begin with a letter to underscore.
It cannot begin with a number.
Cannot use C++ reserved keywords.
Cannot redeclare a name in the same scope.
Remember that C++ is case sensitive.
Be consistent with your naming conventions.
myVariableName vs my_Variable_Name
Avoid defining names with underscores.
Useful meaningful names not too long and not too short.
Never use variables before initializing them.
Declare variables close to when you need them in your code.

Constants:

Like C++ variables it has names, occupies storage, are usually typed. However, their value cannot be changed once declared.
There are different types of constants like Literal constants, Declared constants, Constant expressions, Enumerated constants, and Defined constants.

Input and Output:

cout: It is the standard output stream that is associated with the standard output device(monitor) and is used to display the output to users.
cin: It is the standard input stream that is associated with the standard input device(keyword) and is used to take the input from users.

Section Challenge:

Create a C++ program that asks the user for their favorite number between 1 to 100 to read this number in the console.

Then display following to the console.